Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: CD8 + T cells are primed by cDC1 and exacerbate tau-mediated neurodegeneration

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.26.708260

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Representative images of 9.5-month-old male (upper) and female (lower) E4 WT , E4 Δ+32 , TE4 WT , and TE4 Δ+32 mice. ( b ) Volumetric analysis of the hippocampus, piriform entorhinal cortex and lateral ventricles of male (upper) and female (lower) E4 WT (n=7 for male and n=8 for female), E4 Δ+32 (n=9 for both sexes), TE4 WT (n=19 for male and n=22 for female), and TE4 Δ+32 (n=21 for both sexes) mice. ( c ) Representative images showing the thickness of the dentate gyrus (DG) granule cell layer in four strains of mice. ( d ) DG thickness analysis in four strains of mice. ( e ) Level of plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) in male or female TE4 WT and TE4 Δ+32 mice. Data are presented as mean values ± SEMs. Statistical significance was defined using two-way ANOVA with Šídák’s multiple comparisons test ( b and d ) and Mann-Whitney test, two-tailed ( e ). P value (actual value) was indicated in the figure. ****P<0.0001; NS, no significance.

Article Snippet: The TE4 mice were then crossed with Irf8 +32 -/- mice with B57BL/6 background (Stock No. 032744, Jackson Laboratories) for two generations to generate E4 WT , E4 Δ+32 , TE4 WT , TE4 Δ+32 mice.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, MANN-WHITNEY, Two Tailed Test

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: CD8 + T cells are primed by cDC1 and exacerbate tau-mediated neurodegeneration

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.26.708260

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Representative immunofluorescent images of reactive microglia from four strains of the male mice at 9.5-month-old. The hippocampal sections were stained with IBA1 (Red), MHC-II (Green), and P2RY12 (Magenta). ( b ) Percent of the area analysis covered by IBA1 (Left), MHC-II (Middle), and P2RY12 (Right). ( c ) Representative immunofluorescent images of reactive astrocytes from four strains of the male mice at 9.5-month-old. The hippocampal sections were stained with Vimentin (Red), GFAP (Green), and DAPI (Blue). ( d ) Percent area covered by GFAP (Left) and Vimentin (Middle) staining. ( e ) Representative images showing the co-localization of Vimentin with GFAP from hippocampal sections from TE4 WT or TE4 Δ+32 mice. ( f ) Percentage of Vimentin staining overlapping with GFAP staining from the sections from the indicated mice. n=7 for E4 WT , n=9 for E4 Δ+32 , n=19 for TE4 WT , and n=21 for TE4 Δ+32 mice. Data are presented as mean values ± SEMs. Statistical significance was defined using two-way ANOVA with Šídák’s multiple comparisons test. P value (actual value) was indicated in the figure. Scale bar, 25μm. ****P<0.0001; NS, no significance.

Article Snippet: The TE4 mice were then crossed with Irf8 +32 -/- mice with B57BL/6 background (Stock No. 032744, Jackson Laboratories) for two generations to generate E4 WT , E4 Δ+32 , TE4 WT , TE4 Δ+32 mice.

Techniques: Staining

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: CD8 + T cells are primed by cDC1 and exacerbate tau-mediated neurodegeneration

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.26.708260

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) UMAP plot shows individual clusters in CD45 hi leukocytes from brains of male E4 WT , E4 Δ+32 , TE4 WT , and TE4 Δ+32 mice. ( b ) Dot plot identifies 11 clusters of leukocytes. ( c ) Representative flow cytometry plot confirms the identity of different leukocyte populations. ( d ) UMAP (left) plot reveals the population shift comparing the four strains of mice. Bar graph (right) shows the frequency of cells populating individual clusters. ( e ) Representative flow cytometry analysis identifying lymphocytes including conventional T cells (CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells), NK cells, and NKT cells in hippocampus and cortex of brains from 9.5-month-old male E4 WT , E4 Δ+32 , TE4 WT , and TE4 Δ+32 mice. ( f-k ) Frequency of CD45 hi ( f ), αβ T cells ( g ), CD4 T cells ( h ), CD8 T cells ( i ), NK cells ( j ), and NKT cells ( k ) from hippocampus and cortex from 9.5-month-old male E4 WT (n=14), E4 Δ+32 (n=11), TE4 WT (n=17), and TE4 Δ+32 (n=15) mice. ( l ) Representative immunofluorescence images of T cell accumulation in hippocampal regions of brains from the four strains of male mice. The hippocampal sections were stained with CD3 (Green), CD4 (Red), CD8 (Magenta), and IBA1 (Blue). Scale bar: 40μm. ( m-p ) Data summarizes the number of the CD3+ total T cells ( m ), CD8+ T cells ( n ), CD4+ T cells ( o ), and CD3+CD4-CD8- T cells ( p ) within the hippocampus. Male E4 WT (n=7), male E4 Δ+32 (n=9), male TE4 WT (n=19), and male TE4 Δ+32 (n=21). Data are presented as mean values ± SEMs. Statistical significance was defined using two-way ANOVA with Šídák’s multiple comparisons test ( f-k ) and unpaired student t test, two tailed ( m-p ). P value (actual value) was indicated in the figure. ****P<0.0001; NS, no significance.

Article Snippet: The TE4 mice were then crossed with Irf8 +32 -/- mice with B57BL/6 background (Stock No. 032744, Jackson Laboratories) for two generations to generate E4 WT , E4 Δ+32 , TE4 WT , TE4 Δ+32 mice.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Two Tailed Test

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: CD8 + T cells are primed by cDC1 and exacerbate tau-mediated neurodegeneration

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.26.708260

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) UMAP plot shows individual clusters in enriched CD3 + T cells from brains of E4 WT , E4 Δ+32 , TE4 WT , and TE4 Δ+32 mice. ( b ) Feature plots show the expression of specific markers in clusters of cells. ( c ) Density plot (upper) shows the changes of the frequencies for each cluster and bar graph calculates the proportion of each cluster in CD4 + T cells (lower left) and CD8 + T cells (lower right). ( d ) Representative flow cytometry identifies naïve T cells (upper left) and Tregs (lower left) and frequencies of each population in CD4 + T cells among the four strains of male mice (right). ( e ) Representative flow cytometry identifies naïve T cells (upper left) and exhausted age associated T cells (lower left) and frequencies of each population in CD8 + T cells among the four strains of male mice (right). ( f ) UMAP plot shows the top T cell clonotypes in each strain of mice. Red dots represent top clones and size of the dots represented the proportion of the clonotypes among all T cells with paired TCR information (left). ( g ) Gini index bar plots of clonotypes in different cell types under different conditions. Higher Gini index indicates less even frequency of clonotypes and greater extent of clonal expansion. Data are presented as mean values ± SEMs. Statistical significance was defined using two-way ANOVA with Šídák’s multiple comparisons test ( d and e ). P value (actual value) was indicated in the figure. ****P<0.0001; NS, no significance.

Article Snippet: The TE4 mice were then crossed with Irf8 +32 -/- mice with B57BL/6 background (Stock No. 032744, Jackson Laboratories) for two generations to generate E4 WT , E4 Δ+32 , TE4 WT , TE4 Δ+32 mice.

Techniques: Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Clone Assay